HYPERTHYROIDISM
DEFINITION AND PHYSIOLOGY
Hyperthyroidism is marked by an overactive thyroid gland, resulting in excessive production of the thyroid hormones Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are vital for metabolic functions and energy regulation in the body.
CAUSES
- Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder.
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Excessive iodine intake.
- Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid.
COMMON SYMPTOMS
- Weight loss.
- Heat intolerance.
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
- Anxiety and irritability.
- Tremors.
- Diarrhoea.
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS
- Heart issues: Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and increased risk of heart disease.
- Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones due to prolonged elevated hormone levels.
- Thyroid storm: A severe, life-threatening form of hyperthyroidism.
- Mental health: Anxiety and irritability can be exacerbated.
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- Blood Tests: Measuring levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free T4, and Free T3.
- Ultrasound: To assess the size and condition of the thyroid gland.
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test: To identify the cause of hyperthyroidism.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
- Antithyroid medications: Methimazole or Propylthiouracil to reduce hormone production.
- Beta-blockers: To manage symptoms like rapid heartbeat.
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy: To destroy part of the thyroid gland.
- Surgical Removal: In severe cases, the thyroid gland may be partially or completely removed.
FOLLOW-UP AND MONITORING
- Regular check-ups to assess hormone levels.
- Adjustments in medication dosage based on test results and symptoms.
Patients displaying symptoms of hyperthyroidism should consult healthcare professionals for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. Dr. Sandeep Uppal and his dedicated team at The ENT Clinic work in collaboration with our partner endocrinology experts to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to managing thyroid disorders effectively.