HYPOTHYROIDISM
Dr Sandeep Uppal and his team at The ENT Clinic appreciate the importance of understanding hypothyroidism in depth. Below is a more detailed breakdown of the condition:
Definition and Physiology
Hypothyroidism is characterised by an underactive thyroid gland which results in reduced production of essential thyroid hormones Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are critical for metabolic functions and energy regulation in the body.
CAUSES
- Autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
- Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
- Radiation therapy for cancer.
- Certain medications like lithium.
- Iodine deficiency (rare in developed countries).
COMMON SYMPTOMS
- Fatigue and lethargy.
- Unexplained weight gain.
- Sensitivity to cold temperatures.
- Depression and mood swings.
- Dry skin and hair.
- Muscle aches and weakness.
- Cognitive issues like poor memory and concentration.
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS
- Cardiovascular issues: Elevated cholesterol levels, increased risk of heart disease.
- Infertility: Problems with ovulation and reproductive health.
- Myxoedema: A severe, life-threatening form of hypothyroidism that can lead to coma.
- Mental Health: Prolonged untreated hypothyroidism can exacerbate depression and cognitive issues.
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- Blood Tests: Measuring levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free T4, and sometimes Free T3.
- Ultrasound: To examine the size and condition of the thyroid gland.
- Additional tests may be performed to identify underlying causes, such as autoimmunity tests.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
- Hormone Replacement Therapy: Levothyroxine is the standard treatment to replace insufficient hormone levels.
- Lifestyle Changes: Diet rich in iodine and selenium, regular exercise. Selenium is a key component of enzymes that help convert T4 into T3, the active form of thyroid hormone. Foods rich in Selenium include seafood, meat, eggs, nuts and seeds, whole grains, dairy products, spinach and mushroom.
- Monitoring: Frequent blood tests to adjust medication dosages.
FOLLOW-UP AND MONITORING
- Regular check-ups to monitor hormone levels.
- Adjustments in medication dosage based on test results and symptoms.
Patients who exhibit symptoms of hypothyroidism should not hesitate to seek professional medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. Dr Sandeep Uppal and his dedicated team at The ENT Clinic are equipped with the expertise and technology to provide comprehensive, evidence-based care for thyroid disorders. We work closely with our endocrinology colleagues to provide comprehensive care for thyroid disorders.