SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer, trailing only behind Basal Cell Carcinoma. Despite its frequency, the dangers posed by this type of cancer can be severe, especially when it’s not diagnosed and treated promptly.
WHAT IS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma originates in the squamous cells, which are flat cells that make up the outer layer of the skin, also known as the epidermis. Unlike Basal Cell Carcinoma, SCC has a greater propensity to spread to other tissues and organs if not treated early.
CAUSES
- UV Radiation: Sun exposure remains the most significant risk factor for developing SCC. Tanning beds are also a culprit.
- Chemical Exposure: Exposure to carcinogenic chemicals like arsenic can also contribute to SCC.
- HPV Infection: Some strains of the Human Papillomavirus are associated with the development of SCC.
RISK FACTORS
- Age and Gender: The risk increases with age, and it is more common in men than women.
- Skin Type: Those with fair skin, blue eyes, and blonde or red hair are more susceptible.
- Previous Skin Conditions: Conditions like actinic keratosis or a history of skin cancer can increase risk.
- Immunosuppression: A weakened immune system elevates the risk of developing SCC.
SYMPTOMS AND EARLY SIGNS
- Scaly Red Patches: Often with irregular borders.
- Open Sores: That may crust or bleed.
- Elevated Growths: That may have a depression in the centre.
- Wart-Like Growths: That may crust and occasionally bleed.
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- History and Physical Examination: Dr Sandeep will ascertain a detailed medical history and proceed to perform a thorough examination of the skin to identify any lesions or abnormalities. Other parts of the body at risk of skin cancer will also be examined.
- Dermoscopy: A specialized tool called a dermoscope may be used to examine the skin more closely.
- Skin Biopsy: To confirm the diagnosis, a skin biopsy is usually performed where a tissue sample is taken and analysed microscopically. Smaller lesions may be excised completely and sent to the lab for diagnosis and confirmation that the cancer has been excised completely. Only a small biopsy specimen is taken for larger lesions, Dr Sandeep will then plan definitive treatment after the biopsy results are available.
- CT/MR Scan: These are performed for lesions that invade the surrounding structures and are attached to the deeper structures, or are near important structures like the ears, eyes and nose. Scans help to ascertain the extent of the lesions and aid surgical planning.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
- Surgical Excision: The removal of the tumour along with a margin of healthy skin.
- Mohs Surgery: This technique is particularly useful for SCCs that are larger, have irregular borders, or are in cosmetically sensitive areas.
- Radiation Therapy: Used in situations where surgical intervention is not possible or when the cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
- Cryosurgery: Freezing the cancerous tissue using liquid nitrogen; usually for smaller and less aggressive lesions.
- Topical Treatments: Some creams, like 5-fluorouracil, can be used in very early-stage SCC, but this is less common.
CONCLUSION
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a serious health concern with the potential for metastasis if not treated promptly. A multi-disciplinary approach, involving dermatologists, oncologists, and surgeons, is often required for effective treatment of larger lesions. Awareness, early diagnosis, and immediate intervention remain the cornerstones for successfully managing this skin cancer. Therefore, periodic skin checks, especially for those at higher risk, are highly advisable.
RESTORE YOUR HEALTH AND LOOKS: EXPERT MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL SKIN CANCER WITH DR SANDEEP
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