SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer, trailing only behind Basal Cell Carcinoma. Despite its frequency, the dangers posed by this type of cancer can be severe, especially when it’s not diagnosed and treated promptly. WHAT IS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA? Squamous Cell Carcinoma originates in the squamous cells, which are flat cells that make up the outer layer of the skin, also known as the epidermis. Unlike Basal Cell Carcinoma, SCC has a greater propensity to spread to other tissues and organs if not treated early. CAUSES UV Radiation: Sun exposure remains the most significant risk factor for developing SCC. Tanning beds are also a culprit. Chemical Exposure: Exposure to carcinogenic chemicals like arsenic can also contribute to SCC. HPV Infection: Some strains of the Human Papillomavirus are associated with the development of SCC. RISK FACTORS Age and Gender: The risk increases with age, and it is more common in men than women. Skin Type: Those with fair skin, blue eyes, and blonde or red hair are more susceptible. Previous Skin Conditions: Conditions like actinic keratosis or a history of skin cancer can increase risk. Immunosuppression: A weakened immune system elevates the risk of developing SCC. SYMPTOMS AND EARLY SIGNS Scaly Red Patches: Often with irregular borders. Open Sores: That may crust or bleed. Elevated Growths: That may have a depression in the centre. Wart-Like Growths: That may crust and occasionally bleed. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS History and Physical Examination: Dr Sandeep will ascertain a detailed medical history and proceed to perform a thorough examination of the skin to identify any lesions or abnormalities. Other parts of the body at risk of skin cancer will also be examined. Dermoscopy: A specialized tool called a dermoscope may be used to examine the skin more closely. Skin Biopsy: To confirm the diagnosis, a skin biopsy is usually performed where a tissue sample is taken and analysed microscopically. Smaller lesions may be excised completely and sent to the lab for diagnosis and confirmation that the cancer has been excised completely. Only a small biopsy specimen is taken for larger lesions, Dr Sandeep will then plan definitive treatment after the biopsy results are available. CT/MR Scan: These are performed for lesions that invade the surrounding structures and are attached to the deeper structures, or are near important structures like the ears, eyes and nose. Scans help to ascertain the extent of the lesions and aid surgical planning. TREATMENT OPTIONS Surgical Excision: The removal of the tumour along with a margin of healthy skin. Mohs Surgery: This technique is particularly useful for SCCs that are larger, have irregular borders, or are in cosmetically sensitive areas. Radiation Therapy: Used in situations where surgical intervention is not possible or when the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Cryosurgery: Freezing the cancerous tissue using liquid nitrogen; usually for smaller and less aggressive lesions. Topical Treatments: Some creams, like 5-fluorouracil, can be used in very early-stage SCC, but this is less common. CONCLUSION Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a serious health concern with the potential for metastasis if not treated promptly. A multi-disciplinary approach, involving dermatologists, oncologists, and surgeons, is often required for effective treatment of larger lesions. Awareness, early diagnosis, and immediate intervention remain the cornerstones for successfully managing this skin cancer. Therefore, periodic skin checks, especially for those at higher risk, are highly advisable. RESTORE YOUR HEALTH AND LOOKS: EXPERT MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL SKIN CANCER WITH DR SANDEEP Facing skin cancer on the face? Our tailored Facial Skin Cancer Management and Reconstruction Service ensures thorough removal of cancerous tissue, coupled with reconstructive techniques to preserve your facial aesthetics. We’re committed to delivering top-tier care with sensitivity to your individual needs. Secure your facial health and confidence. Begin your treatment with an expert in skin cancer care and facial reconstruction. Set up an individualized session for facial skin cancer management and reconstruction with Dr Sandeep.

MELANOMA: THE STEALTHY FOE OF SKIN HEALTH Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes—the cells responsible for pigment in the skin. Melanoma is particularly notorious for its ability to metastasize rapidly and aggressively. Understanding Melanoma’s aetiology, risk factors, early signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment options is crucial for effective prevention and management. WHAT IS MELANOMA? Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. It begins in the melanocytes, which are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour. When these cells become cancerous, they can grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body, making early detection and treatment vital. CAUSES Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Sunlight and tanning beds are significant risk factors for Melanoma. Sunburn and melanoma are intrinsically linked, with sunburn serving as both an indicator of excessive UV exposure and a risk factor for melanoma. Genetic Factors: Certain genes are known to increase the risk. RISK FACTORS Family History: Those with a family history of Melanoma are at an increased risk. Fair Skin, Hair, and Eyes: Light-coloured skin, hair, and eyes are more susceptible. Age: While it can occur at any age, the risk increases with age. Atypical Moles: The presence of irregular or dysplastic moles can be a warning sign. SYMPTOMS AND EARLY SIGNS Melanoma often manifests as a new, unusual growth or a change in an existing mole. The ABCDE rule is handy for identifying suspicious moles: A: Asymmetry in a mole or spot. B: Border irregularity. C: Colour that is uneven. Multiple colours within a mole. D: Diameter greater than 6mm (size of a pencil eraser). E: Evolution or change in size, shape, or colour. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS Dermoscopy: A specialized tool called a dermoscope is used for a more detailed examination of the skin. Biopsy: The definitive diagnosis of Melanoma is confirmed through a biopsy, where a piece of the suspicious lesion is removed for microscopic examination. Imaging Tests: If there’s a risk of metastasis, imaging tests like MRI, CT scans, or PET scans may be required. TREATMENT OPTIONS Surgical Removal: The primary treatment for early-stage Melanoma is surgical excision of the tumour along with a margin of healthy tissue. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: For deeper lesions, this procedure helps determine if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. Immunotherapy: Drugs like checkpoint inhibitors can be effective in treating advanced Melanomas. Targeted Therapy: For Melanomas with specific genetic mutations, targeted therapies can be particularly effective. Chemotherapy: While less common for Melanoma, chemotherapy may be used in advanced cases or when other treatments have failed. Radiation Therapy: Used in specific cases, like metastatic Melanoma or to relieve symptoms. PREVENTION STRATEGIES Sun Protection Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Wear protective clothing and sunglasses. Seek shade, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Regular Skin Checks Perform monthly self-examinations of your skin to look for new or changing moles or spots. Have an annual skin check-up with a dermatologist, especially if you have a history of sunburns or other risk factors for melanoma. CONCLUSION Melanoma, despite being less common than other skin cancers, poses a significant threat due to its ability to spread rapidly. Early detection, usually by recognizing changes in moles or skin appearance, is crucial for a favourable prognosis. Advances in treatment, particularly in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, have improved outcomes, but the best defence remains prevention and early detection. Therefore, regular skin examinations and protective measures against UV radiation are strongly advised. REVITALIZE YOUR APPEARANCE: FACIAL SKIN CANCER TREATMENT AND RESTORATION WITH DR SANDEEP Dealing with skin cancer on your face? Our specialized service for Facial Skin Cancer Excision and Reconstruction focuses on the complete removal of cancer cells while aiming to conserve and rejuvenate your facial appearance. Our approach is defined by careful precision and a deep understanding of your health and aesthetic concerns. Take the step towards a healthier you. Arrange a consultation with Dr Sandeep. 

FACIAL RECONSTRUCION AFTER SKIN CANCER EXCISION The surgical removal of skin cancer often leaves behind wounds, scars, or cosmetic irregularities that may require reconstructive procedures to restore both function and appearance. The choice of reconstructive option depends on various factors, such as the size and location of the excised area, the type of skin cancer, and the client’s overall health. This guide aims to outline the range of reconstructive techniques commonly used after skin cancer excision. LOCAL FLAPS Advancement Flaps: Suitable for small to medium-sized defects, especially on the face. Adjacent skin is stretched or advanced to cover the defect and stitched into place. Rotation Flaps: Commonly used for larger defects. A flap of skin is rotated from an adjacent area to cover the defect. Transposition Flaps: Useful for irregularly shaped defects. A flap is cut from skin near the surgical defect, moved into the defect and stitched into place over the defect. SKIN GRAFTS Full-thickness Grafts: Ideal for smaller, less conspicuous areas. A full layer of skin is taken from a donor site (usually the behind the ear, neck, abdomen, or inner arm) and sutured to reconstruct the wound. Split-thickness Grafts: Used for larger defects or areas where the graft can be secured tightly. A partial thickness thinner layer of skin is harvested from a larger area (usually the thigh) and transferred to the defect. Free Flaps: Used for large, complex defects, especially where significant tissue loss has occurred. Skin and sometimes muscle or bone are transferred from one part of the body to another, along with the blood vessels that supply them. Microsurgical techniques are used to connect the blood vessels to those in the recipient site. Tissue Expansion: Best for areas adjacent to the defect where similar skin texture and colour are desirable. A balloon-like device is inserted under the skin and gradually inflated to stretch the skin, which can then be used to cover the nearby defect. Secondary Intention Healing: Suitable for small, shallow defects, often in areas with good blood supply. The wound is left open and allowed to heal naturally, filling in with new tissue over time. CONCLUSION Reconstruction after skin cancer excision is a tailored approach that depends on various factors like the type of skin cancer, its location, and the extent of tissue removed. Dr Sandeep has trained under world renowned facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons Prof Shan R Baker, Prof Hade Vuyk, and Prof Nick Stafford, to name a few. He has gained extensive experience in excision of facial skin cancer and lesions, and oncologic reconstruction of resultant tissue defect for achieving the best aesthetic and functional outcome. POSTOPERATIVE CARE AFTER SKIN CANCER EXCISION: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE Postoperative care is a critical component of successful skin cancer treatment, complementing the surgical removal of the tumour. Proper care can help prevent complications such as infection, promote optimal wound healing, and reduce the risk of scarring. This guide outlines the key steps involved in postoperative care following skin cancer excision. IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD Wound Cleansing: Cleansing agent like hydrogen peroxide may be prescribed to clean the wound twice a day to prevent crusting and aid healing. Antibiotic Ointment: To aid wound healing and prevent infection. Dressing and Wound Care: The surgical site may typically be dressed with sterile bandages or adhesive strips. The frequency of dressing changes will depend on the type of dressing and Dr Sandeep’s guidelines. Pain Management: Mild to moderate pain is normal and can be managed with prescribed pain relievers or over-the-counter medications, as recommended by our team. Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent bacterial infection at the surgical site. Activity Restrictions: Strenuous activities may need to be avoided, especially for specific areas like the face. FIRST WEEK Monitoring for Signs of Infection: Keep an eye out for redness, increased pain, pus, or elevated temperature, as these may indicate infection. Hydration and Moisturization: Keep the area hydrated with recommended ointments, usually antibiotic or antiseptic creams, to facilitate healing. Suture Care: If you have non-dissolvable sutures, Dr Sandeep will provide instructions on suture care and when they should be removed. ONGOING CARE Scar Care: Once the wound has fully closed, scar creams or silicone gel sheets can be used to minimize scarring. Triluma may be prescribed to reduce scar pigmentation. Sun Protection: Protect the healing and surrounding skin from sun exposure by using high SPF sunscreen, hats, or clothing, as ultraviolet rays can affect wound healing and increase the risk of new skin cancers. Regular Check-ups: Scheduled follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring the healing process, checking for complications, and discussing next steps for surveillance or additional treatment if necessary. Follow up scans may be needed for certain kinds of skin cancers. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy or Lymph Node Dissection: Additional care may be needed if you have undergone these procedures, such as managing lymphatic drainage or specialized wound care. Large or Complex Reconstructions: For grafts, flaps, or complex reconstructions, additional or specialized care may be necessary, including more frequent follow-up appointments. Emotional Wellbeing: The emotional aspect of skin cancer treatment shouldn’t be overlooked. Support from friends and family, as well as mental health professionals, can help you cope with stress or anxiety. CONCLUSION Postoperative care after skin cancer excision is essential for optimal outcomes. Following your healthcare provider’s guidelines can help prevent complications and speed up the healing process. Regular follow-up appointments will help monitor your progress and ensure that you are on the right track for both healing and cancer surveillance. RENEW YOUR CONTOURS: POST SKIN CANCER EXCISION RECONSTRUCTION WITH DR SANDEEP Have you undergone skin cancer excision? Our comprehensive reconstruction options are designed to restore the form and function of the affected area. With a blend of advanced techniques and compassionate care, we focus on achieving the most natural-looking results. Chart your course back to wholeness. Explore your reconstruction options following skin cancer excision with Dr Sandeep. 

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA: AN IN-DEPTH LOOK Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all diagnosed skin cancers. While it is rarely life-threatening, it can have significant repercussions on one’s health and appearance if left untreated. Understanding the ins and outs of BCC, including its causes, signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, is crucial for early detection and effective management. WHAT IS BASAL CELL CARCINOMA? Basal Cell Carcinoma originates in the basal cells—cells that produce new skin cells to replace old ones. Unlike other forms of skin cancer, such as melanoma, BCC rarely spreads (metastasizes) to other parts of the body. However, if left untreated, it can cause extensive damage to surrounding tissues and may even lead to disfigurement. CAUSES Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure: Excessive exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the primary cause of BCC. Radiation Treatment: Individuals who have undergone radiation treatments may be at risk. RISK FACTORS Age: Older individuals are more susceptible. Fair Skin: Light-skinned people have a higher risk. Genetics: A family history of skin cancer can increase the risk. Immune System: A weakened immune system also raises susceptibility. Previous history of skin cancer. SYMPTOMS AND EARLY SIGNS Shiny Pink or Red Plaques: Often translucent and may bleed. Open Sores: That heal and then re-open. Raised Bumps: Often flesh-coloured. Moles White, Yellow, or Waxy Areas: Resembling scars. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS History and Visual Examination: Our assessment will generally start a detailed history followed by visual inspection, looking for the typical signs of BCC. Dermoscopy: This non-invasive procedure employs a dermoscope to get a closer look at the skin, aiding in more accurate diagnosis. Skin Biopsy: A definitive diagnosis is made through a skin biopsy where a small sample of the suspicious skin is removed and examined under a microscope. TREATMENT OPTIONS Surgical Excision: The affected area and a margin of healthy skin are cut out and examined under the microscope to make sure that the cancer has been excised completely. Mohs Surgery: Layer by layer, skin is removed and examined until no cancer cells are detected, preserving as much healthy skin as possible. Curettage and Electrodesiccation: The cancer is scraped away with a curette, and the remaining cancer cells are killed via electrodesiccation. Topical Treatments: Some early-stage BCCs can be treated with creams such as Imiquimod. Radiation Therapy: In cases where surgery is not an option, radiation therapy may be employed. CONCLUSION Basal Cell Carcinoma may be common and less aggressive compared to other types of skin cancer, but the importance of early detection and treatment cannot be overstated. With advances in diagnostic techniques and treatments, most BCCs can be effectively managed, but awareness and timely medical intervention are key. Therefore, regular skin checks and vigilance for any signs of BCC are crucial in minimizing its impact. RECLAIM YOUR RADIANCE AND HEALTH: FACIAL SKIN CANCER REMOVAL AND RECONSTRUCTION WITH DR SANDEEP Confronting facial skin cancer? Our Facial Skin Cancer Removal and Reconstruction Service is dedicated to the precise excision of skin cancer with a focus on aesthetic restoration. We strive for excellence in treatment and empathetic patient care, aiming for the best functional and cosmetic outcomes. Embrace a future with healthy, restored skin. Embark on your treatment journey with a specialist. Schedule your personalized consultation for facial skin cancer removal and reconstruction with Dr Sandeep.