WHAT ARE NASAL SINUSES?
The nasal sinuses, commonly referred to simply as “sinuses,” are a set of paired, air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull and face. These cavities are lined with a mucous membrane and are connected to the nasal passages through small channels known as ostia. The primary sinuses are:
- Maxillary Sinuses: Located in the cheekbones, these are the largest of the sinuses.
- Frontal Sinuses: Found within the forehead bone above the eyes.
- Ethmoid Sinuses: Situated between the eyes, these are a cluster of multiple small cavities.
- Sphenoid Sinuses: Located deep within the skull behind the eyes.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF NASAL SINUSES?
The exact physiological roles of the sinuses are not entirely understood, but several theories suggest they:
- Assist in humidifying and warming inhaled air.
- Act as resonance chambers to enhance voice quality.
- Lighten the weight of the skull.
- Provide a buffer against facial trauma.
NASAL SINUSES AND SINUSITIS
Properly functioning sinuses are vital for good respiratory health, and any anomalies can lead to symptoms such as congestion, headaches, infections and poor quality of life.
Dr Sandeep Uppal and his team frequently encounter conditions affecting the sinuses, including sinusitis, polyps, and even sinus tumours.
WHAT IS SINUSITIS?
Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Healthy sinuses are filled with air, but when they become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection.
WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS KINDS OF SINUSITIS?
There are several types of sinusitis:
ACUTE SINUSITIS
Symptoms last for up to 4 weeks and often follow a cold or other respiratory infection. They may include facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, and a runny nose.
SUBACUTE SINUSITIS
This type persists for 4–12 weeks despite treatment attempts.
CHRONIC SINUSITIS
Symptoms last for 12 weeks or longer, often despite various treatments. This form may require more intensive treatment and possibly surgical intervention.
RECURRENT SINUSITIS
Characterised by several episodes within a year, often separated by symptom-free periods.
WHAT ARE THE COMMON SYMPTOMS OF SINUSITIS?
Understanding the symptoms of sinusitis is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Here is an expanded list of symptoms commonly associated with sinusitis.
FACIAL PAIN OR PRESSURE
One of the most prominent symptoms of sinusitis is a feeling of pain or pressure in the facial area. This discomfort can be focused around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead. The sensation can worsen when leaning forward or lying down.
NASAL CONGESTION
Sinusitis often leads to a blocked or stuffy nose. This congestion can make it difficult to breathe through the nose and can contribute to a general feeling of discomfort.
RUNNY NOSE
Alongside congestion, a runny nose with a thick, yellow or green discharge is common. This symptom can be persistent and may be accompanied by post-nasal drip, where the discharge runs down the back of the throat.
LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL
Sinusitis can impair the sense of smell, either partially or completely. This is due to the inflammation and blockage in the nasal passages that interfere with scent molecules reaching the olfactory receptors.
COUGH OR THROAT IRRITATION
The irritation in the nasal passages and throat can lead to a persistent cough, which may be more noticeable at night. Throat irritation can also manifest as a scratchy or sore throat.
FEVER
Some people with sinusitis may experience a low-grade fever as the body tries to fight off the infection. This symptom may be more prevalent in acute cases of sinusitis.
BAD BREATH
Due to the accumulation of mucus and bacteria in the nasal passages and throat, bad breath, also known as halitosis, can occur as a symptom of sinusitis.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT NOT TO IGNORE SINUSITIS SYMPTOMS?
Ignoring the symptoms of sinusitis can lead to a variety of serious and life threatening complications and a decline in the quality of life. Untreated sinusitis can lead to complications such as:
SINUS ABSCESS
Infection can spread to the tissues surrounding the sinuses, leading to an abscess.
ORBITAL CELLULITIS
Infection could spread to the eye socket and threaten blindness, this is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
MENINGITIS
Rare but severe, the infection can spread to the lining of the brain. This may present with headaches, vomiting and altered level of consciousness.
OSTEOMYELITIS
Chronic sinusitis can lead to infection of the bones or bone marrow.
REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE
Chronic symptoms like facial pain, headaches, and fatigue can interfere with daily activities, work productivity, and even mental well-being.
WORSENING OF OTHER CONDITIONS
Sinusitis can exacerbate other health conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
CHRONIC INFECTION
Ignoring acute symptoms can lead to chronic sinusitis, which is more challenging to treat and may require surgical intervention.
OVERUSE OF OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATIONS
The lack of a proper diagnosis and treatment plan can lead to the overuse of over-the-counter remedies, which have their own set of side effects and may not be effective in treating the underlying condition.
LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL
Chronic sinusitis can result in a reduced or complete loss of the sense of smell, affecting the enjoyment of food and posing potential safety risks, such as not being able to smell gas leaks.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
Without proper treatment, the condition may lead to frequent doctor visits, multiple courses of medications, and even emergency room visits, increasing healthcare costs over time.
EXPERT SINUS CARE WITH DR SANDEEP
Persistent or recurrent sinus issues require attention from specialists who understand the complexities of sinus conditions. Dr Sandeep Uppal has completed an Advanced Rhinology Fellowship conducted by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
With his sophisticated training, he brings expertise in addressing even the most challenging sinus conditions. He has successfully treated and tremendously improved the quality of life of numerous patients with sinus problems, over his long career.
Don’t let sinus issues hold you back. Trust in the expertise of Dr Sandeep Uppal and his team for a thorough diagnosis and a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Reach out to us for an appointment and experience care that sets new standards in ENT treatment.